Herbert Lawrence Anderson (born 24.05.1914) was an American experimental physicist and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1960). Born in New York. He graduated from Columbia University (1935), where he worked in 1939-42; in 1942 —44 he was at the Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, and in 1944—46 at the Los Alamos laboratory. From 1946 he was at the University of Chicago (professor from 1950, and in 1958 — 62 director of the E. Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies).
His work concerned nuclear physics and nuclear engineering, pion and meson physics, the physics of elementary particles and accelerator technology. He was a close collaborator of E. Fermi in his experimental work of the American period. Independently of others he proved experimentally that the uranium nucleus is split into two fragments by the action of neutrons and measured the energy of fission, and he discovered the secondary neutrons emitted in fission (1939). He took part in the construction of the first nuclear reactor and in bringing about the controlled chain fission reaction (1942). He studied mesonic atoms, the scattering of pions by protons and resonances; in particular, as early as 1952, together with E. Fermi, he observed the first resonance particle — the pion-nucleon resonance. In 1949, independently of others, he established the three-body scheme of muon decay. Carl David Anderson (born 3.09.1905) was an American physicist and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1938). Born in New York. He graduated from the California Institute of Technology (1927), where he worked (professor in 1939 — 78).
His main work concerned the study of X-rays and gamma rays, the physics of cosmic rays and the physics of elementary particles. In 1932 he detected positrons experimentally in cosmic rays (Nobel Prize, 1936), in 1933, independently of others, he discovered the production of an electron-positron pair from a gamma quantum, and in 1938, together with S. Neddermeyer, he discovered muons and determined their mass.
The E. Cresson Medal (1937), the J. Ericsson Medal (1960) and others.