James Bjorken (born 22.06.1934) - American physicist, a member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1959 he took his doctorate at Stanford University. From 1967 professor at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). Since 1979 he has worked at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.
His work is in elementary particle physics. In 1964, together with S. Glashow, he introduced a new quantum number, charm, and proposed that the Gell-Mann–Zweig system of three quarks be supplemented by a fourth, charmed quark. In 1967 he put forward the concept of scale invariance, or scaling (independently of R. Feynman). In 1966 he was the first to note that the cross section for deeply inelastic processes behaves like the cross section for scattering off point particles.
The D. Heineman Prize (1972), the E. Lawrence Medal (1978).