Gabriel Lippmann (16.08.1845-12.07.1921) was a French physicist and a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1886). He was born in Hollerich (Luxembourg). He graduated from the École Normale in Paris (1868). In 1883—1921 he was professor at the University of Paris.
His work concerned molecular physics, mechanics and colour photography. His research on electrocapillarity led him to create the mercury galvanometer and the capillary electrometer (1873). He predicted the converse piezoelectric effect. He proposed a method of studying the electric double layer (the Lippmann equation). In 1891 he developed a method of colour photography based on the interference of light, obtaining the first colour photograph of the solar spectrum (the Nobel Prize, 1908). In 1908 he proposed the technique of integral photography, which makes it possible to obtain on a flat print three-dimensional images that can be viewed with the naked eye.
A member of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1912).