Andreev, Alexander Fyodorovich

Alexander Fyodorovich Andreev (born 10.12.1939) is a Soviet theoretical physicist and a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1981). He was born in Leningrad. He graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1961). Since 1961 he has worked at the Institute of Physical Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and he is also professor at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. His research is in the field of the theory of solids and statistical physics. He worked out the theory of the dynamic intermediate state of superconductors and established the nature of the reflection of electrons from a “superconductor — normal metal” boundary (“Andreev reflection”). Together with I. M. Lifshitz he constructed the theory of quantum crystals and predicted (1969) the phenomenon of quantum diffusion. He also predicted the supercrystallisation of quantum crystals and the existence of melting and crystallisation waves, which were then discovered experimentally in solid helium, the quantum adsorption of impurities on the surface of liquid helium with the formation of a two-dimensional Fermi liquid, and surface second sound. In the hydrodynamics of liquids he showed that two-fluid fluctuation phenomena exist. He solved the inverse problem of statistical physics concerning the singularity of thermodynamic quantities at a first-order phase transition point. He established the existence of “semi-quantum” liquids.