Linus Carl Pauling ( born 28.02.1901) - an American chemist and physicist, a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1933). He was born in Portland. He graduated from the California Institute of Technology, where he worked in 1922-64 (from 1931 as professor). In 1967 —69 he was professor at the University of California (San Diego), in 1969 — 74 at Stanford University, and from 1975 at the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and Medicine.
His main work was on the theory of chemical bonds, the study of the structure of molecules, and biochemistry. He developed the quantum-mechanical theory of diamagnetism. He introduced the concept of electronegativity. He created the electron-pair method. In 1928 — 31 he proposed the theory of resonance, which he extended in the following years. He discovered the atomic structure of many proteins, in particular haemoglobin (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1954).
An active fighter for peace, a winner of the Nobel Peace Prize (1962) and of the Lenin Prize “For Strengthening Peace among Peoples” (for 1968—69). A member of many academies of sciences and scientific societies, and a foreign member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1958). He created a scientific school. The I. Langmuir Prize (1931), the J. Gibbs (1946), H. Davy (1947), G. Lewis (1951), A. Avogadro (1956) and P. Fermi (1957) medals, the M. V. Lomonosov Gold Medal (1978) and others.