Claude Servais Mathias Pouillet (16.02.1790— 14.06.1868) — French physicist, a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1837). Born in Cusance. In 1811 — 13 he studied at the École Normale in Paris, and in 1815 — 22 he worked there. He also taught physics at the Collège Royal de Bourbon (1819-29). In 1826-52 he worked at the University of Paris (from 1838 — head of the chair of physics), and in 1838 —52 was also a professor at the Conservatoire des arts et métiers (in 1831 — 49 — its director).
His research was in heat, electromagnetism and optics. He invented the pyrheliometer (1839), with which he measured the amount of heat the Earth's surface receives from the Sun, and determined the solar constant and the temperature of the Sun (5958 °C). He invented the tangent galvanometer (1837), the galvanometer (1839) and a pyrometer for measuring high temperatures (1836). He measured the conductivity of metals and liquids. He verified Ohm's law with high accuracy (1839).
He studied electrolysis, the conductivity of flames, the influence of a magnetic field on light, atmospheric electricity, terrestrial magnetism, the expansion and compression of gases, and thermal rays.
His research was in heat, electromagnetism and optics. He invented the pyrheliometer (1839), with which he measured the amount of heat the Earth's surface receives from the Sun, and determined the solar constant and the temperature of the Sun (5958 °C). He invented the tangent galvanometer (1837), the galvanometer (1839) and a pyrometer for measuring high temperatures (1836). He measured the conductivity of metals and liquids. He verified Ohm's law with high accuracy (1839).
He studied electrolysis, the conductivity of flames, the influence of a magnetic field on light, atmospheric electricity, terrestrial magnetism, the expansion and compression of gases, and thermal rays.