Fedor Lvovich Shapiro (6.04.1915-30.01.1973) — Soviet experimental physicist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1968). Born in Vitebsk. Graduated from Moscow University (1941). In 1945 — 58 he worked at the Physical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, from 1959 he was deputy director of the Laboratory of Neutron Physics of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna), and from 1967 was also a professor at Moscow University.
His research concerned neutron physics. He detected and explained a deviation from the Fermi law, proposed a new method of polarising neutrons by filtering them through a polarised proton target, and a method of neutron diffraction for neutron structure studies based on measuring the energy of the neutrons at a given diffraction angle. He proposed and applied the method of inverse geometry for studying inelastic interactions of slow neutrons. He was the first to create a system combining a pulsed reactor with an electron injector. He put forward and carried out the idea of measuring the magnetic moments of neutron resonances from their shift in a magnetic field. In 1968 he was the first to obtain a beam of ultracold neutrons and confirmed experimentally the effect of their total reflection at any angles of incidence. State Prize of the USSR (1971). The I. V. Kurchatov Prize (1977).