Iosif Solomonovich Shapiro (born 13.11.1918) — Soviet theoretical physicist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1979). Born in Kiev. Graduated from Moscow University (1941). In 1946 —58 he was head of a laboratory of the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics of Moscow University, and from 1958 of the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics.
His main work concerned the theory of the nucleus and the theory of elementary particles. He constructed the theory of internal conversion with pair formation (1949) and the diagram (dispersion) theory of direct nuclear reactions (1961). He predicted parity non-conservation in muon — nucleon and muon — nucleus interactions (1957) and the enhancement of parity non-conservation effects in nuclear forces (1961 —62). He obtained (1955) the integral transformation of the transition from a hyperboloid to the light cone (the “Shapiro transformation”). He developed the theory of new quasi-nuclear systems containing antinucleons. In 1969 he predicted baryonium.