Fedor Nikiforovich Shvedov (27.02.1840-25.12.1905) was a Russian physicist. He was born in Kiliya (now in the Odessa region). He graduated from St Petersburg University (1863). From 1868 he worked at Novorossiysk University (Odessa) (professor from 1870, rector in 1895-1903).
His work concerned molecular physics, electricity, astrophysics and meteorology. He was the founder of the rheology of disperse systems. He was the first to observe (1889) the elasticity of shape and the anomaly of viscosity of colloidal solutions, the first to study the process of stress relaxation in colloids, and derived the equation of the visco-plastic flow of a substance (the Shvedov equation). He studied the rheological properties of disperse systems and the relation between the elastic and optical properties of colloids.