Measuring system, an item of measuring equipment which in the general case is a set of measuring instruments, measuring transducers, material measures, measurement switches, communication lines and digital and analogue computing devices. The elements of a measuring system listed here are joined by a common operating algorithm in order to obtain data on the quantities that characterise the state of the object under study.
Measuring systems are also used as part of more complex structures —measurement information systems and control systems, which perform the functions of monitoring, diagnosis, pattern recognition and the automatic control of scientific experiments, of the testing of complex objects and of technological processes.
The structural unit of a measuring system that performs a complete cycle of measuring conversions before the information is fed into a recording or computing device is the measurement channel. According to the way the measurement channel is formed, a distinction is drawn between: serial-action measuring systems (scanning measuring systems), in which, as a rule, a single measurement channel measures homogeneous physical quantities distributed in space one after another in time (the primary measuring transducer “travels round” the points at which the measurements are made); measuring systems of parallel structure, in which heterogeneous physical quantities are measured continuously in time, each quantity having its own measurement channel, and the output signal of each channel may go to a common recording or computing device; and measuring systems of series-parallel structure, in which only the primary measuring transducers and the initial sections of the communication lines are individual, while the intermediate conversions are performed by a common part that is connected to the parallel sections of the measurement channels by a measurement switch, periodically or according to a chosen programme. Mixed versions of these structures are also possible.
The chief metrological requirements for measuring equipment intended for use in measuring systems are laid down in GOST 8.009—72. The general requirements for measuring systems built from modular units are laid down in GOST 22315—77, 22316 — 77 and 22317 — 77.
Measuring systems are also used as part of more complex structures —measurement information systems and control systems, which perform the functions of monitoring, diagnosis, pattern recognition and the automatic control of scientific experiments, of the testing of complex objects and of technological processes.
The structural unit of a measuring system that performs a complete cycle of measuring conversions before the information is fed into a recording or computing device is the measurement channel. According to the way the measurement channel is formed, a distinction is drawn between: serial-action measuring systems (scanning measuring systems), in which, as a rule, a single measurement channel measures homogeneous physical quantities distributed in space one after another in time (the primary measuring transducer “travels round” the points at which the measurements are made); measuring systems of parallel structure, in which heterogeneous physical quantities are measured continuously in time, each quantity having its own measurement channel, and the output signal of each channel may go to a common recording or computing device; and measuring systems of series-parallel structure, in which only the primary measuring transducers and the initial sections of the communication lines are individual, while the intermediate conversions are performed by a common part that is connected to the parallel sections of the measurement channels by a measurement switch, periodically or according to a chosen programme. Mixed versions of these structures are also possible.
The chief metrological requirements for measuring equipment intended for use in measuring systems are laid down in GOST 8.009—72. The general requirements for measuring systems built from modular units are laid down in GOST 22315—77, 22316 — 77 and 22317 — 77.