Astrophysics and cosmology

Nicolaus Copernicus (19.02.1473-24.05.1543) was an outstanding Polish astronomer and the creator of the heliocentric system of the world.

Pierre Simon Laplace (28.03.1749-5.03.1827) was a French astronomer, physicist and mathematician and a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1785).

Samuel Langley (22.08.1834-27.02.1906) was an American astrophysicist and physicist and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Vladimir Pavlovich Linnik (born 6.07.1889) is a Soviet physicist and an academician (1939).

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (19.02.1711 — 15.04.1765) was an outstanding Russian scientist and materialist thinker, and a member of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1745).

Albert Abraham Michelson (19.12.1852—9.05.1931) was an American physicist, a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1888) and its president in 1923-27.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Maksutov (23.04.1896-12.08.1964) was a Soviet optical physicist and a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1946).

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (born 19.10.1910) — American theoretical physicist and astrophysicist, a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1955).

Arthur Stanley Eddington (28.12.1882—22.02.1944) — English astrophysicist and physicist, Fellow of the Royal Society (1914).

Isaac Newton (4.01.1643-31.03.1727) was an outstanding English scientist who laid the foundations of modern natural science, the creator of classical physics, a Fellow of the Royal Society (1672) and its president (from …

Jesse Ramsden (6.10.1735-5.11.1800) was an English mechanic and optician, a well-known maker of physical instruments, and a Fellow of the Royal Society (1786).

Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century AD) - an ancient Greek scholar, the author of the treatise “Great Mathematical Composition of Astronomy in Thirteen Books” (the Almagest, in its Arabic translation), which for more than a th…

Edwin Ernest Salpeter ( born 3.12.1924) is an American theoretical physicist and astrophysicist, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1967).

Lyman Spitzer ( born 26.06.1914) is an American astrophysicist and physicist, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1952).

William Alfred Fowler (born 9.08.1911) is an American physicist and a member of the National Academy of Sciences (1956).

Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann (29.06.1888 —16.09.1925) was a Soviet physicist and mathematician.

Stephen William Hawking (born 8.01.1942) is an English theoretical physicist and a Fellow of the Royal Society (1974).

Karl Schwarzschild (9.10.1873 - 11.05.1916) was a German astronomer and physicist and a member of the Berlin Academy of Sciences (1912).

Max Steenbeck (born 21.03.1904) - a German physicist, a member of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (1956), and in 1962 —64 its vice-president.

Deep space — galaxies “run away” faster than the theory provides for.