Evgeny Konstantinovich Zavoisky (28.09.1907—9.10.1976) was a Soviet experimental physicist and an academician (1964, corresponding member 1953). He was born in Mogilev-Podolsky. He graduated from Kazan University (1930), where in 1933 — 47 he headed the department of physics. From 1947 he worked at the Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy.
His research was in the field of radiospectroscopy, problems of new technology and plasma physics. He studied various physical phenomena by radio-engineering methods, in particular the absorption of the energy of a radio-frequency field by solutions of electrolytes and by gases. In 1944 he discovered electron paramagnetic resonance (Lenin Prize, 1957) and then (1944—47) established its main regularities and studied various types of paramagnet. In 1947, independently of J. Griffiths, he detected ferromagnetic resonance.
Together with M. M. Butslov he developed a method of electron-optical chronography for the study of ultrafast processes (10~12—10~14 s). He proposed and built the first luminescence chamber for the study of nuclear processes, and developed methods of recording ionising radiation and a method of polarising nuclei using the Lamb shift.
From 1958 he was engaged in the study of plasma in connection with the problem of controlled thermonuclear fusion. Independently of Ya. B. Fainberg and others he discovered (1961) the effects of the anomalously high resistance of a plasma at high current densities and of its rapid (turbulent) heating. Independently of W. Bennett he pointed out (1968) the possibility of achieving controlled thermonuclear fusion with the help of relativistic electron beams.
Hero of Socialist Labour (1969). USSR State Prize (1949).