Atomic and quantum physics

Vacuum spectroscopy , the spectroscopy of the short-wavelength UV region and of soft X-radiation (from 2*10 2 to 0.4—0.6 nm).

Valence , (from the Latin valentia — strength), the ability of the atoms of the elements to form chemical bonds; quantitatively it is characterised by a number.

(γ), a photon of large energy (usually above 100 keV).

Natural systems of units , systems in which the base units are fundamental physical constants, such as the gravitational constant G, the speed of light in vacuum c, the Planck constant h, the Boltzmann constant k, the Av…

Cathode rays , a flow of electrons in a glow discharge at so low a pressure that a considerable part of the electrons, accelerated in the region of the cathode dark space, cross practically the whole of the discharge gap…

Cathodoluminescence , luminescence that arises when a phosphor is excited by an electron beam (cathode rays); one of the forms of radioluminescence.

1) a particular form of interaction between electric currents, between currents and magnets (that is, bodies with a magnetic moment) and between magnets; 2) the branch of physics that studies this interaction and the pro…

The body of methods for studying atomic nuclei by the radiation that accompanies nuclear transformations and the transitions of nuclei from one state to another.

Nuclear physics - the branch of physics devoted to the study of the structure of the atomic nucleus, the processes of radioactive decay and the mechanism of nuclear reactions.

Nuclear electronics is the body of methods of nuclear physics in which electronic instruments are used to record, convert and process the information coming from particle detectors.

Lagrangian , the analogue of the Lagrange function of a classical physical field in quantum field theory (QFT).

Charge conservation law , one of the fundamental exact laws of nature, which states that the algebraic sum of the electric charges of any closed (electrically isolated) system remains unchanged, whatever processes take p…

Mikhail Lukin, professor of physics at Harvard University, and Vladan Vuletić, his colleague from Serbia and professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have in a unique experiment managed to make …

Electrons are elementary particles whose motion along conductors is the basis of electronics.