Jacques-Arsène D’Arsonval (8.06.1851-31.12.1940) was a French physicist and physiologist, a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences (1894) and its president in 1917.
Walter Friedrich (25.12.1883-16.10.1968) was a German physicist and biophysicist, a member of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (1949) and its president in 1951-56.
Adaptation of the eye , (from the Late Latin adaptatio — fitting, adjustment), the adjustment of the sensitivity of the eye to changing conditions of illumination.