Nuclear physics and elementary particles

The situation with thermonuclear power today is rather curious and has features in common with the “space race” that once began.

Гипотеза, объясняющая явления, происходящие в фотоне и его строение.

This spring the famous Large Hadron Collider will begin its research again.

the same as a truly neutral particle .

Baryon charge (baryon number, B), one of the internal characteristics of elementary particles, different from zero for baryons and equal to zero for all other particles.

Baryons (from the Greek barys — heavy), a group of “heavy” elementary particles with half-integer spin and a mass not less than the mass of the proton.

Barn (English barn) (b), a unit of area used to express the effective cross section of nuclear processes; 1 b = 10 -24 cm 2 =10 -28 m 2.

Becquerel (Bq), the SI unit of the activity of a nuclide in a radioactive source (the activity of an isotope); 1 Bq is the activity of a nuclide at which one decay event occurs in 1 s.

Beta decay (β-decay), the spontaneous transformations of a neutron n into a proton p and of a proton into a neutron inside an atomic nucleus (and also the transformation of a free neutron into a proton), accompanied by t…

Betatron - a cyclic electron accelerator in which the acceleration is produced by the vortex electric field induced by an alternating magnetic field enclosed by the circular orbit of the particles. ( see Accelerators ).

Beta-particles , (β-particles) - electrons and positrons emitted by atomic nuclei in beta-decay.

the same as a boson.

Boson (Bose particle), a particle or quasiparticle with zero or integer spin.

Born approximation , in the theory of the scattering (collision) of particles, consists in calculating the scattering amplitude of microparticles (or the cross-section) in the first order of perturbation theory; it was p…

The Breit-Wigner formula describes how the cross section σ of nuclear reactions depends on the energy of the incident particles near a resonance value of the energy.

Breeder (breeder reactor), (from the English breeder, from breed — to multiply), the same as a breeder reactor.

Fast neutrons - neutrons with an energy greater than 100 keV. (see Neutron physics )

Rem (ber, rem), a non-SI unit of the equivalent dose of ionising radiation. 1 rem = 0.01 J/kg.

Unified field theory , a unified theory of matter, intended to reduce the variety of the properties of elementary particles and of the laws of their mutual transformation (interaction) to a few universal principles.

Isobars , atomic nuclei with the same number of nucleons, that is, the same mass number, and different numbers of protons and neutrons. (see Atomic nucleus ).