Molecular physics and thermodynamics

Nikolai Nikolayevich Schiller (13.03.1848—23.02.1910) was a Russian physicist.

Otto Stern (17.02.1888-17.08.1969) - a German experimental physicist.

Franz Exner (24.03.1849—15.02.1926) was an Austrian physicist and a member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

Loránd Eötvös (27.07.1848-8.04.1919) was a Hungarian physicist and a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1883), and in 1899-1905 its president.

Thermal quantities and quantities of molecular physics Name Symbol Absolute humidity a Gas constant (molar) R Quantity of heat Q Efficiency η Relative humidity φ Relative molecular mass M r Avogadro constant (number) N A…

Unit Name Symbol Russian International Degree Celsius °С °С Gigajoule ГДж GJ Joule Дж J Joule per kilogram Дж/кг J/kg Joule per kilogram-kelvin Дж/(кг·К) J/(kg·K) Calorie кал cal Calorie per gram кал/г cal/g Calorie per …

Year Event Scientist or inventor 5th-4th centuries BC The idea was put forward that matter has a granular structure and that the atom is the simplest and indivisible particle Democritus 3rd century BC A theory of the lev…

The situation with thermonuclear power today is rather curious and has features in common with the “space race” that once began.

You have probably seen small drops of water on grass, plants and trees shining in the early hours of the morning.

Over the wetlands in the south-western part of Lake Maracaibo an unforgettable sight can be seen: a powerful and almost continuous thunderstorm, with up to 20000 lightning flashes in a night.

Water is one of the most interesting physical phenomena, able to take several forms.

thermodynamic temperature), a parameter of state that characterises a macroscopic system in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium (the absolute temperature of all its macroscopic subsystems is then the same).

a term used in the theory of thermal radiation for a body that completely absorbs the whole flux of radiation falling on it.

the origin from which thermodynamic temperature is counted; it lies 273.16 K below the temperature of the triple point of water (0.01°C) (273.15°C below the zero of the Celsius scale, see Temperature scales).

Biological crystals are crystals built from biological macromolecules — proteins, nucleic acids or virus particles.

Bloch's law (the 3/2 law) , the dependence of the spontaneous magnetisation J s of ferromagnets on temperature T, established theoretically by the American physicist F.

Bloch–Grüneisen formula - a formula describing the temperature dependence of that part of the electrical resistivity ρ of metals which is due to the scattering of conduction electrons by the thermal vibrations of the ato…

Bose gas , (named after the Indian physicist Sh.

A quantum phenomenon in a system of bosons consisting in the fact that, at a temperature below the so-called degeneracy temperature, part of the particles of the system accumulates in the state with zero momentum (if the…

Boyle point , the point of minimum on the isotherm of a real gas in the coordinates p—pV (Fig.; p — the pressure of the gas, V is the volume occupied by the gas); named in honour of the English scientist R.